write an article on digital education in india

Digital Education in India- Avenues and Challenges

The idea of a child learning with a screen in front of them, interacting with a teacher online or consuming related educational content,  is still nascent. While effective technologies are developing rapidly (at what might be said at the speed of light), there is much to explore in the vastness of digital education, probably even circling back to what the essence of education means and what outcomes one should measure. 

It might seem that I have taken a rather cynical view of the biggest tool in human civilisation that made the world a global village- (technology and the internet and of course, the gateway of possibilities it opens in digital education endeavours),  but I have not. While talking about India, I believe in the power of digital education being the flag bearer of educational access in “untapped, underserved” regions of India. However, lines blur when we think about whether quality mechanisms (if any) are in place, and what educational experience or a wholesome learning outcome a student takes away. The question is, does digital education encourage a more transactional relationship between the teacher/ learning content and the learner as opposed to a wholesome experience of learning outdoors, making connections and maybe in some cases, learning by doing ? Also, can digital education be visualised operating independently from traditional classroom teaching or as an aid to the existing mechanisms? 

During my first month of the Fellowship, these were the questions that constantly nagged me while I was stationed at my organisation’s digital education lab, where teachers in their soundproof cabins, webcams and smart boards connect with students miles away in remote villages, singing rhymes, reiterating number- tables, and narrating beautiful folk stories in Hindi. (The soundproof cabins are not that soundproof). After enduring half of my undergraduate and post-graduation online during COVID-19, I had to check my bias towards digital education being a boring stare contest between my screen and me, and look at the bigger picture and direct myself to contribute my time in making the most of the learning outcome that a student can possibly get. 

My organisation emphasises a child-centric approach, and this outlook drives their programs too. Interestingly, my first conversation with Ms Vardhana Puri (assigned Senior Fellow) also began with both of us sharing the scepticism about digital education as a foolproof solution to holistic educational outcomes,  especially for primary school students while also taking child well-being into account. The suggestions from Ms Vardhana helped me channel my energy towards imagining myself as a recipient of the digital educational programs and doing an observation study of my organisation’s program along with a landscape analysis of digital education initiatives in the country. My focus was to find gaps, understand the shortcomings and find avenues to facilitate and bridge gaps in the existing digital education sector.  

The India Report on Digital Education 2021 captures the various initiatives taken by the Education departments of States/UTs, showcasing the extensive efforts to promote digital education across the country. The report provides insights into the remote learning initiatives across India and highlights the efforts of the Ministry of Education and its departments in promoting digital education. The report is an attempt to capture and compile all initiatives taken by the Education departments of States/UTs and is a clear indicator of the government’s interest in  digital education initiatives. Another aspect of my research highlighted the gaps in traditional and digital education endeavours, some of them relevant to my project area are: 

• Lack of Trained Teachers : Many teachers in India are not equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to incorporate technology into their teaching methods, especially in rural areas where there are often fewer opportunities for professional development and on-ground implementation. India is short of 11 lakh teachers, and rural areas are the most affected. An article published in Youth ki Awaaz highlighted that there are 1.2 lakh single-teacher schools in the country, of which almost 89% are from rural areas, indicating the acute shortage of teachers.
• Lack of Awareness and Access: There is a lack of awareness about digital education, which is a barrier to providing it to all. Even before the pandemic, India experienced a deep digital divide between rural and urban areas.  As reported by NSSO data on social consumption services, 66% of Indians live in villages with only 15% having access to the internet while access to the internet in urban areas stands at 42% as of 2017-18.

The digital education divide between rural and urban areas is significant . More than half of the Indian population does not have access to the internet, and underprivileged communities are still lagging in the digital race. A study by the Azim Premji Foundation in 2021 showed that almost 60 per cent of school children in India cannot access online learning opportunities. This highlights a significant digital divide in the country, with a large proportion of students lacking access to the internet and digital infrastructure. The study underscores the challenges posed by the digital divide, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated a shift to remote teaching and learning. 

The lack of access to online learning opportunities widens educational inequalities, particularly for students from underprivileged backgrounds. The study emphasizes the need for efforts to bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable access to digital education for all students.

• Foundational Literacy and Numeracy: Lack of foundational numeracy and literacy in Indian primary schools have been a significant challenge in Indian education. A World Bank study reported that about fifty-six point one per cent of children less than 10 years old cannot even read common words. ASER studies also point out other weaknesses such as readings and simple subtraction . The National Education Policy 2020 focuses on foundation literacy and numeracy (FLN). The policy introduced the NIPUN Bharat program aimed at attaining 100% FLN competencies for grade 3 students by the year 2027.

In addition to the above-mentioned challenges in the Indian educational landscape overall, digital education solutions also pose certain psychological and sociological challenges that circle back to the question of whether digital education is a holistic educational solution or a transactional one. The challenges that I observed during the first month of my fellowship include: 

1.Lack of Physical Interaction: One of the major disadvantages of digital education is the lack of physical interaction, which can make it more challenging for children to communicate with their teachers and peers. 

2. Social Isolation and Increasing Screen Time: Digital education can cause social isolation for children who naturally thrive from group learning and have a more aesthetic-based style when it comes to assimilating information. 

3. Lack of Personal Attention: Online learning can pose a challenge for teachers who may lose both the opportunity and conviction to give enough personal attention to individuals who may need it. 

4. Limited Feedback: Online student feedback is limited, where the teacher may not always get the time to interact and follow up with the students and give personalized feedback.

5. Use of unfair means during assessments: One of the biggest disadvantages of digital education is cheating through basic and creative methods. Compared to physical examinations, students can cheat on assessments more easily as they take assessments in their environment and while using their personal computers. 

The above challenges give a gloomy description of education both offline and online, yet I have realised how my host organisation is trying to address the same challenges through their initiatives. My host organisation combines the shortcomings in the overall education landscape in India with digital education solutions. Project Vidya Sahyog addresses three key issues:  the dearth of trained teachers in schools and connecting them to partner schools via digital infrastructure in semi-urban and rural areas of India. Vidya Sahyog focuses on foundational numeracy and literacy with English, Maths and Hindi as the chosen subjects. A significant part of my project is dedicated to working on donor relations, partnerships and collaborations to strengthen the existing infrastructure and to expand and sustain new associations.  

An area I am trying to explore is how to make online classes more effective by gradually introducing/suggesting activity-based, scenario-based and gamification-based teaching methodologies to combat the challenges of social isolation and lack of physical connection. These strategies are proven to increase teacher-student interaction and rapport-building. I believe am trying to work towards an outcome that would make online classes the antithesis of a staring contest between the screen and the learner. Here’s to hoping that I make the most of my project proposal and beyond to contribute to the cause of wholesome education that I am deeply passionate about.

Afnan is an American India Foundation (AIF) Fellow who is dedicated to making a positive impact in the developmental sector. Her current role at the Lotus Petal Foundation in Gurugram involves assisting in the development of a go-to-market strategy for the Vidya Sahyog Program. This program focuses on educational initiatives to support underprivileged or marginalized communities. Afnan's background and education have prepared her well for this role. She completed her Bachelor's degree at Gargi College, Delhi University, and furthered her education by earning a Master's degree in Applied Psychology from Jamia Milia Islamia. This academic background equips her with the knowledge and skills needed to understand the psychological aspects of community development and education. Afnan's passion for community development is evident in her past projects, where she has worked on various issues such as Education, Gender Sensitivity, Mental Health, and LGBTQ+ rights. This diverse experience reflects that she possesses a well-rounded perspective on the challenges and opportunities within the developmental sector. Outside of her professional commitments, Afnan enjoys simple pleasures like making ramen and watching anime during her free time. Her approachability and willingness to engage in meaningful conversations over coffee, chai, or blueberry smoothies make her eager for building connections and collaborating with others in her field. As an AIF fellow, Afnan aims to contribute her best efforts to create lasting change and hopes to establish a network of passionate and talented individuals who share her commitment to community development. Her dedication and diverse background make her a promising addition to the field of developmental work.

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Digital Education in India - An Overview

Digital Education in India is the way forward to learning and gaining knowledge through the means of technology and digital devices.

COVID-19 pandemic had briefly disrupted the school education system in India. Since the 1st lockdown in March 2020, all the states have responded to the COVID-19 situation with speed and innovation. The existing digital resources were leveraged to maintain continuity in students’ education.

Aspiring civil servants need to stay updated with the latest development in the domain of digital education for the IAS Exam.  

Digital Education in India – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

What is Digital Education in India?

Digital Education is a technique or method of learning which involves technology and digital devices. This is a new and broad technical sphere which shall help any student attain knowledge and gain information from any corner across the country. It is believed that Digital Education in India is the future of education and learning. 

Various channels have been defined by the Government of India for a widespread of the sources and means to provide education to different corners of the country. Discussed further in this article are the channels and initiatives taken up by the Government for Digital Education in India.

Aspirants can also know the advantages, objectives and challenges of the Digital India campaign launched by the Government of India at the linked article.

Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD) – Initiatives for Digital Education

• A comprehensive initiative called PM eVidya was announced on May 17, 2020, which aims to unify all efforts related to digital/online/on-air education to enable equitable multi-mode access to education.
• It is envisaged that it will benefit nearly 25 crore school going children across the country. 
• One of the most important initiatives of MHRD is DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing).

UPSC aspirants can also know in detail about the various Government Schemes in India at the linked article.

DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing): e-Learning 

• As part of PM eVidya announced under the Atma Nirbhar Bharat programme, DIKSHA is the ‘one nation; one digital platform’ for school education in India.
• It was launched in 2017
• It is a national platform available for schools in all states
• DIKSHA is available for grades from 1 to 12.
• DIKSHA can be accessed through mobile application and web portal.

DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing) – What Does it Contain?

• Courses for Teachers, quizzes and others
• Lots of e-content will be provided which are aligned with the curriculum. Large number of case studies and solutions will be provided with the help of Energised Textbooks (ETB’s) which are QR coded.
• VidyaDaan was launched in April, 2020. 
• It is a content contribution program at national level, that makes use of the DIKSHA platform and tools, it allows donation or contribution of e-learning resources for school education by experts, private bodies, and educational bodies.

Swayam Prabha – TV Channels 

• This mode of education is for people who do not have access to education.
• High quality educational programmes are telecasted.
• There are a total of 32 channels to meet the requirements.
• Different channels are used for higher education and school education.
• The Department of School Education and Literacy also tied up with private DTH operators like Tata Sky & Airtel to air educational video content to enhance the reach of these channels.
• Number of TV channels for school education will increase from 5 to 12 to transform into ‘one class, one channel’, that is, one channel each for all grades from 1 to 12 channels. 
• To ensure asynchronous usage at any time, anywhere, and by anyone, the same content will be organised by chapter & topics on DIKSHA.

To know more about  SWAYAM – Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds, candidates can visit the linked article.

E-textbooks

•   e-Pathshala mobile app (Android, iOS, Windows), and web portal can be used to access e-textbooks. 
• It can be accessed by students, teachers and parents.
• 3,500 pieces of audio and video content of NCERT are available.
• It is available in different languages – English, Sanskrit, Urdu, Hindi.

For the differently-abled 

•  For hearing impaired students, one DTH channel is available with sign languages.
•  Study material has been developed in Digitally Accessible Information System (DAISY), for hearing and visually impaired.

Radio Broadcasting

• The radio broadcasts focus on activity-based-learning.
• For broadcasting content related to National Institute of Open Learning – NIOS (grades 9 to 12), 289 community radio stations have been used.
• This mode of education is particularly useful for students who are living in remote areas, particularly for grades 5 to 1.
• Shiksha Vani is a Podcast of the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE)
• Shiksha Vani is used by learners of grades 12 to 9.
• There are more than 430 pieces of audio content for all subjects from grade 12 to 1, in Shiksha Vani.

Digital Education in India – Way Forward

• Developing quality e-content in local languages, to address the diversity of Indian languages.
• Addition of skill development courses, virtual labs, virtual vocational training.
• Framing of Online/Digital Education Guidelines addressing the digital divide.
• Developing digital classrooms by integrating education systems and technology.
• Developing framework for assessments in the era of digital education.
• Making sure of coherent user experience by multi-mode access to education through  Mobile apps, web portals, TV channels, radio, podcasts.
• To enable “anytime, anywhere” access and increase penetration, focus will be on increasing usage of mobile phones.
• Priority for providing complete access to anytime, anywhere e-content and e-infrastructure is for all learners in schools; however, e-content is being developed with slightly varied priorities – Grades 12 to 9 covering 6.3 crore children will be the top most priority. The next in the table of priority will be from grades 8 to 6 covering students strength of 6.4 crore children. For grades 5 to 1, the priority will be on numeracy and foundational literacy.
• To leverage e-learning resources, teachers will be up-skilled.

Advantages of Digital Education in India

During 2019-20 when India and the entire world were fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, Digital Education in India was the sole source of learning for the students in the country. Discussed below are a few other benefits of Digital Education in India:

• This initiative has made students not just gain bookish information but also gain practical and technical knowledge
• No limitation as to the place of learning or studying. With digital learning, a student can engage in online classes or learning anywhere, at any time
• With study material available online, students can take their time to understand any topic
• Through the mode of digital education, learning can be made more engaging and interactive between the students and teachers

It is also important that Digital Education acts as a supplement and does not completely overpower physical education.

Challenges with Digital Education in India

A lot of technology-based adaptations will have to be encountered by the Government to ensure that digital education can be reached out to students across the country. Given below are a few major challenges with Digital Education in India:

• Availability of internet connection to all is one of the biggest requirements for digital education. This will have to be achieved by the Government for easy access to information
• Providing the devices and technology to the people belonging from socio-economically weak sections so that they are not deprived of education
• Training teachers is another challenge. Only when the teachers are technically sound, they can conduct the digital classes
• Making digital cost-effective should be a key motive of the Government
• To ensure that Government schools and colleges are provided with proper facilities for digital classrooms

With multiple initiatives taken up in the year 2020 for the improvisation and accessibility of Digital Education in India, the Government aims to acknowledge online or e-learning for students broadly.

Frequently Asked Questions about Digital Education in India

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The Digital Transformation of Education in India: Embracing Opportunities, Addressing Challenges, and Shaping the Future of Learning

This research paper aims to examine the influence of digital transformation on the Indian education sector. The increasing availability and adoption of digital technologies have significantly impacted the way education is delivered, accessed, and consumed. Through an analytical review of existing literature and studies, this paper explores the key aspects, challenges, and potential benefits associated with the implementation of digital technologies in education. Furthermore, it provides insights into the strategic implications for policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders in navigating this transformative era.

Introduction

The Indian education sector is undergoing a paradigm shift due to the rapid advancement of digital technologies. This paper investigates the diverse areas where digital transformation is observed, such as online learning platforms, educational apps, virtual classrooms, and AI-powered analytics. By transforming the landscape of education, digital technologies have the potential to enhance accessibility, inclusivity, and overall learning outcomes.

Importance of Digital Transformation in Education

The emergence of digital tools in education has created opportunities to overcome traditional barriers. Digital technologies enable personalized and adaptive learning experiences, thereby catering to the diverse needs of learners. It also facilitates remote learning, extending education to far-flung areas and bridging the urban-rural divide. Moreover, digital platforms offer opportunities for collaborative learning, global connectivity, and lifelong learning.

Key Areas of Digital Transformation in Education

Online Learning Platforms: The proliferation of online learning platforms enables learners to access educational resources and courses from renowned institutions and educators across the globe. This flexible and self-paced mode of learning fosters learner autonomy and promotes lifelong learning opportunities.

Virtual Classrooms and Remote Learning: Digital technologies facilitate the establishment of virtual classrooms, breaking down geographical barriers and enabling remote learning. This becomes particularly significant during times of crisis, such as pandemics or natural disasters, when traditional classrooms may be inaccessible.

Educational Apps and Gamification: Mobile applications offer interactive and engaging learning experiences through gamification techniques. Educational apps designed for different subjects and skill development provide an immersive and personalized learning environment for students.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education: AI-powered analytics, adaptive learning platforms, and intelligent tutoring systems help in tracking student progress, identifying learning gaps, and providing tailored feedback. This personalized approach enhances student engagement and improves learning outcomes.

Challenges in the Digital Transformation of Education

Infrastructure and Connectivity: Unequal access to quality internet connectivity and technological infrastructure remains a significant challenge, particularly in rural and remote areas. Bridging the digital divide is crucial to ensuring equitable access to education for all.

Digital Literacy and Skills Gap: Promoting digital literacy among educators, students, and parents is vital to harnessing the potential of digital technologies. The skills gap related to effectively using digital tools and platforms needs to be addressed through comprehensive training programs.

Privacy and Security Concerns: With the increasing use of online platforms, safeguarding the privacy and security of students’ data becomes crucial. Instituting robust measures to protect personal information is imperative to build trust in digital education systems.

Policy Implications and Future Directions

To fully harness the benefits of digital transformation in education, policymakers need to devise comprehensive strategies. Priorities should include investments in infrastructure, capacity building of educators, and designing policies to ensure equitable access and quality online education. Collaboration between academia, industry, and government will facilitate the development of innovative solutions and research in educational technology.

Potential Benefits of Digital Transformation in Education

Enhanced Engagement and Motivation: Digital tools and platforms offer interactive and multimedia-rich learning experiences that capture students’ attention and foster their motivation to learn. Engaging learning materials, such as videos, simulations, and interactive quizzes, contribute to increased student engagement and active participation in the learning process.

Personalized and Adaptive Learning: Digital technologies enable the customization of learning experiences based on individual student preferences, learning styles, and pace. Adaptive learning platforms utilize algorithms and data analytics to deliver personalized content and assessments tailored to each student’s unique strengths and weaknesses, promoting self-directed learning and mastery of concepts.

Data-Driven Decision-Making: Digital tools generate vast amounts of data regarding student performance, progress, and learning patterns. Analyzing this data provides valuable insights into student learning trends, allowing educators to make informed decisions regarding instructional strategies, intervention strategies, and curriculum development.

Collaboration and Global Connectivity: Digital platforms facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing among students and teachers across geographical boundaries. Through videoconferencing, online discussion forums, and shared online spaces, students can engage in collaborative projects and cultural exchanges, and access expertise from experts worldwide, fostering a global perspective and enhancing cross-cultural understanding.

Future Directions and Emerging Trends

Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) in Education: The integration of VR/AR technologies can provide immersive and interactive learning experiences, enabling students to visualize complex concepts, explore virtual environments, and engage in experiential learning. These technologies hold significant potential across various domains, such as science, medicine, and history, to enhance learning outcomes.

Blockchain Technology for Credentials and Accreditation: Blockchain technology can facilitate secure and tamper-proof verification of educational credentials, ensuring transparency and authenticity. Implementing blockchain in education can streamline processes related to certifications, degree verification, and accreditation, reducing administrative burdens and enhancing trust in credentialing systems.

Big Data Analytics for Educational Research: Leveraging big data analytics can enable researchers and policymakers to gain insights into educational trends, identify patterns, and make evidence-based decisions to improve educational policies and practices. By analyzing large-scale data, researchers can explore correlations between various factors, such as teaching methodologies, learning outcomes, and student demographics.

Empowering Teachers through Technology

Professional Development and Training: Digital transformation in education necessitates providing educators with the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices. Comprehensive professional development programs should be implemented to enhance teachers’ digital literacy, pedagogical strategies, and their ability to leverage digital tools for instructional purposes.

Collaboration and Resource Sharing: Digital platforms enable educators to connect and collaborate with each other, sharing best practices, resources, and lesson plans. Online communities and social media platforms specifically designed for educators facilitate the exchange of ideas, fostering a culture of professional learning and continuous improvement.

Streamlining Administrative Tasks: Digital tools can streamline administrative tasks, such as attendance tracking, grading, and communication with parents. By automating routine administrative processes, educators can dedicate more time and energy to instructional activities and individualized student support.

Ethical Considerations in Digital Education

Digital Citizenship and Online Safety: Educating students about responsible digital citizenship and ensuring their online safety is paramount in the digital era. Promoting ethical behavior, and critical thinking, and teaching students to navigate digital spaces safely and respectfully should be an integral part of digital education programs.

Addressing Equity and Accessibility: While digital transformation holds immense potential in improving education, it is crucial to address equity and accessibility concerns. Efforts should be made to bridge the digital divide by providing equal access to digital resources, internet connectivity, and technology devices, particularly for marginalized communities and remote areas.

Digital Well-being and Mental Health: As technology becomes more pervasive in education, it is essential to consider the impact on students’ well-being and mental health. Promoting a healthy balance between digital and offline activities, fostering digital mindfulness, and addressing issues such as screen time management and cyberbullying are crucial considerations in the digital education landscape.

Conclusion:

This research paper has explored the impact of digital transformation on the Indian education sector, highlighting its potential benefits, challenges, and implications for stakeholders. By fully harnessing the power of digital technologies, India can create a more inclusive, equitable, and effective education system that prepares students for the demands of the digital age. However, it is essential to address challenges related to infrastructure, digital literacy, privacy, and equity to ensure that all learners can access quality education opportunities and thrive in the digital era. Through collaborative efforts and ongoing research, the Indian education sector can continuously evolve and adapt to emerging technologies, providing students with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in the 21st century and beyond.

Digital transformation has the potential to revolutionize the Indian education sector, making education more accessible, engaging, and effective. By embracing digital technologies strategically and addressing associated challenges, policymakers, educators, and stakeholders can shape a future-ready education system that empowers learners to thrive in a rapidly changing digital era. Furthermore, continual research, collaboration, and adaptation to emerging trends will ensure that the benefits of digital transformation are harnessed optimally and equitable access to quality education is ensured for all.

Digital transformation is reshaping the Indian education sector, offering vast opportunities to enhance learning experiences and improve educational outcomes. This research paper sheds light on the key areas of digital transformation, the challenges faced, and policy implications. By embracing digital technologies strategically and addressing associated challenges, India can pave the way for an inclusive and future-ready education system.

Keywords: digital transformation, education sector, India, benefits, challenges, implications, inclusive education, technology integration, digital literacy, infrastructure, equity, online learning, ed-tech, teacher empowerment, professional development, digital citizenship, online safety, accessibility, digital well-being, mental health

Digital Transformation of Education in India

Article by:

HC Choudhary

Teacher, Bikaner, Rajasthan

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23 Nov, 2024 | 8:26 AM IST

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